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The Irish Cob or Coloured Cob is a type or breed of domestic horse from the British Isles. It a small, solidly-built horse of cob conformation and is often, but not always, piebald or skewbald. It is the only broken-coloured horse breed of the British Isles, and is particularly associated with the Pavee and Roma travelling peoples of Britain and Ireland. There was no stud-book or breed association for horses of this type until 1996.〔Hart 1993 p. 58〕 It is now considered a breed〔 and can be registered with a number of breed associations. It may also be known as the Gypsy Horse, Gypsy Cob, Gypsy Vanner or Tinker Horse. The Drum Horse is similar in appearance, but larger. From about 1850 travelling people in the British Isles began to use a distinct type of horse to pull their vardos, the caravans in which they had just begun to live and travel. The colour and look of the breed were refined in the years after the Second World War. Horses of this type were first exported to the United States in 1996. == Characteristics == The Gypsy horse is usually, but not always, piebald.〔Johnson 2008, p. 314〕 It may also be skewbald or any solid colour; a solid-coloured horse with white splashing on the underbelly is called "blagdon" or "splashed".〔 There is no coat colour requirement in the breed standard of the Irish Cob Society,〔Gypsy Vanner Horse Society,〔 Gypsy Horse Registry of America, 〔 or Australasian Gypsy Horse Society.〔 Since the horse originates in the British Isles, British colour names may be used in registration in the United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gypsy Vanner Horse Society )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gypsy Horse Association )〕 There are many breed societies for the Gypsy horse, with mostly minor variations in their respective breed standards. The range of desired heights is generally from in the United States and Australasia,〔〔 but in Ireland and continental Europe, the desired height limit goes up to for some types and they permit both lighter-boned as well as larger horses than typically desired by the American organisations.〔〔〔〔 Some stud-books have different categories: The Gypsy Horse Registry of America has two height classifications: Section A for purebred horses under and Section B for purebred horses and over. Its Section C is for Gypsy Crossbred horses.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=G§ypsy Horse Registry of America )〕 The Netherlands stud-book for Gypsy horses, the Nederlands Stamboek voor Tinkers, identified there as the "Tinker horse," classifies horses into three groups: "cob," "vanner," and "grai," based on height in metres and degree of refinement. The cob type is approximately , and the vanner . The more refined "grai" may be of any size but is typically within the 14.3- to 16.2-hand range.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Registration rules and Stud Rules )〕 Feathering or "Feather", long hair starting below the knee of the front legs and the hock of the hind legs and running down the leg to flow over the front and back of the hooves, is a highly valued attribute of the Gypsy Horse.〔〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gypsy Horse Registry of America Breed Standard )〕 Silky straight hair and feather are desirable, though somewhat coarser and even wavy hair and feather are permitted.〔 Kinky hair, however, is considered to be a fault.〔 Feathering is not a requirement for registration with the Irish Cob Society, which, however, considers feathering a "characteristic and decorative feature of the Irish Cob breed"; the standard states: "()eg hair/feathering, should at the very least, fall from the back of the knees and hocks, down to a thick covering of hair/feathers on the heels. Leg hair/feathering should also fall over the front of the hoof, from at least the coronet."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Irish Cob Society Ltd. Breed Standard )〕 A Gypsy Horse's facial profile should be straight, neither overly dished nor roman nosed. A "sweet" head, more refined than that of most draught horses, is desired.〔Lynghaug 2009, p. 393-394〕 The GHA's breed standard states that the head ''may'' be "sweet", "a small, tidy pony type head",〔 meaning without coarseness and in proportion with the body,〔 but the AGHS calls unequivocally for a sweet head, "more refined than a Shire might have . . . with broad forehead, generous jaw, square muzzle, and even bite".〔 According to GVHS, the "forehead must be flat and broad . . . with ()he frontal facial bone . . . flat to slightly convex".〔 The neck is strong, muscular, and of medium length "with a throat latch slightly deeper than lighter breeds".〔〔 The chest should be broad, deep, and well muscled.〔〔〔 Withers are "well rounded, not high and fine, i.e., hardly noticeable".〔 Most standards call for a "well-sloped" shoulder 〔〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NZ Gypsy Cob Association Inc. Breed Standard )〕 But the GVHS's standard is more precise, specifying a shoulder angle ranging from 45 degrees to 60 degrees.〔 The back is to be short coupled with well sprung ribs and a deep heart girth.〔〔 The length of line of the belly should be twice that of the topline of the back and the horse should not appear 'wasp waisted'.〔 The Dutch breed standard for vanner and cob types requires a strong, well-muscled build with abundant feathering, similar to that of other associations. The "grai" is classified as a lighter and more refined riding type.〔 Strong hindquarters define the breed as a small draught horse, "designed for strength and power, but with class, presence and style."〔 They are sometimes described as having an "apple butt"〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Black Forest Shires and Gypsy Horses )〕 as the croup is well rounded and "very generous, smooth and broad".〔 Poorly-muscled hindquarters or a too-sloping rump are unacceptable.〔 According to GVHS, the length of the hip from the point of the hip to the tailhead, should be slightly longer than the total length of the topline. The line measuring the length of the hip should also be horizontal; if the tailhead falls below the horizontal line intersecting the point of the hip, the horse's "hip/croup will be approaching too steep an angle for the Gypsy Vanner".〔 Bone in the legs should be heavy, clean, and flat.〔〔〔〔〔 GVHS's standard calls for a length of forearm to cannon ratio of 55% to 45%.〔 The front legs should be clean and flat in joints as well as bone; front pasterns should slope at the same angle as the shoulder and should not be short.〔 A line drawn from the point of the buttock should touch the back of the hock, run "parallel" to the cannon bone, and touch the ground directly behind "the center of the heel".〔〔 Pastern and hoof angles of the hindlegs are more vertical than the forelegs, usually over 50 degrees.〔 Hooves have strong walls and a well shaped frog,〔 round and with wide heels.〔 The hind legs of the Gypsy Horse should display proper angulation for a pulling horse,〔 although not to the degree found in larger feathered draught breeds such as the modern Shire and Clydesdale.〔〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gypsy Horse Association )〕 Unlike the equine conformational flaw of cow-hockedness,〔 where only the lower leg is turned outward, a Gypsy Horse's entire hind leg is set so as to angle outward. As a result, when the hind legs of a horse set up squarely are viewed from the rear, their cannon bones appear parallel.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gypsy Vanner Horse Society )〕 The Gypsy horse has distinct gaits. According to GHA's standard, "The stride should be correct, supple, and powerful. Showing good impulsion from behind, demonstrating powerful drive. Flowing, effortless in appearance".〔 The horse's movement should be "natural, not artificial . . . . Some have higher knee action than others, it's() way of going can vary from short and economical to longer, reaching strides."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gypsy Horse Association )〕 GHRA's standard requires "() steady forward walk with impulsion. Ground covering trot with a slight flick of feather at the point of extension."〔 The Gypsy horse should be a "strong, kind, (very) intelligent partner that works willingly and harmoniously with its handler. They are also described as mannerly and manageable, eager to please, confident, courageous, alert, and loyal with a genuine sociable outlook. The Gypsy Horse is renowned for its gentle, tractable nature and sensible disposition."〔(【引用サイトリンク】GHA Articles of Incorporation )〕 The Gypsy Horse is prone to diseases common to feathered draught horses. The most serious of these is chronic progressive lymphedema.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UCDavis )〕 This condition may have a genetic component, as is a similar condition in humans. However, studies to date have not identified a causative gene.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Microsoft PowerPoint - CPL updated 2007.ppt )〕 Of less concern is pastern dermatitis ("greasy heels"). The moist environment under the feathering is an ideal environment for the combination of fungus and mites which are believed to cause it. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gypsy horse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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